The governments exercise these inherent rights through the development of their distinct forms of government, determining citizenship establishing civil and criminal laws for their nations taxing, licensing, regulating, and maintaining and exercising the power to exclude wrongdoers from tribal lands. Tribal governments maintain the power to determine their own governance structures and enforce laws through police departments and tribal courts. The essence of tribal sovereignty is the ability to govern and to protect and enhance the health, safety, and welfare of tribal citizens within tribal territory. Tribes have the inherent power to govern all matters involving their members, as well as a range of issues in Indian Country. Self-government is essential if tribal communities are to continue to protect their unique cultures and identities. The governmental status of tribal nations is at the heart of nearly every issue that touches Indian Country. They are also individuals in an international context with the rights afforded to any other individual. Tribal members are citizens of three sovereigns: their tribe, the United States, and the state in which they reside. government that does not derive from race or ethnicity. Native peoples and governments have inherent rights and a political relationship with the U.S. The United States continues to recognize this unique political status and relationship. Tribal nations have been recognized as sovereign since their first interaction with European settlers. Additionally, there are state recognized tribes located throughout the United States recognized by their respective state governments.Īmerican Indians and Alaska Natives are members of the original Indigenous peoples of North America. Approximately 229 of these ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse nations are located in Alaska the other federally recognized tribes are located in 35 other states. There are 574 federally recognized Indian Nations (variously called tribes, nations, bands, pueblos, communities and native villages) in the United States. Additionally, this guide provides the information necessary for members of the public at large to understand and engage effectively with contemporary Indian Nations. The purpose of the guide is to ensure that policy decision makers at the local, state, and federal level understand their relationship to tribal governments as part of the American family of governments. The guide also provides introductory information about tribal governments and American Indian and Alaska Native people today. The guide "Tribal Nations and the United States: An Introduction" developed by the National Congress of American Indians seeks to provide a basic overview of the history and underlying principles of tribal governance.
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